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CT
Paper: Applications of X-ray computed tomography in the geosciences
“Abstract: X-ray computed
tomography (CT) is a non-destructive technique with wide applications in
various geological disciplines. It reveals the internal structure of objects,
determined by variations in density and atomic composition. Large numbers of
parallel 2D sections can be obtained, which allows 3D imaging of selected
features. Important applications are the study of porosity and fluid flow,
applied to investigations in the fields of petroleum geology, rock mechanics
and soil science. Expected future developments include the combined use of CT
systems with different resolutions, the wider use of related X-ray techniques and
the integration of CT data with results of compatible non-destructive
techniques.”
Webpage: http://www.geochemsoc.org/publications/geochemicalnews/gn132jul07/computedtomographyappliedt/
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PET and CT
Paper:
Combined positron emission
tomography and computed tomography to visualize and quantify fluid flow in
sedimentary rocks
“Abstract: Here we show for the first time the combined positron
emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) imaging of flow
processes within porous rocks to quantify the development in local fluid
saturations. The coupling between local rock structure and displacement fronts
is demonstrated in exploratory experiments using this novel approach. We also
compare quantification of 3-D temporal and spatial water saturations in two
similar CO2storage tests in sandstone imaged separately with PET and CT. The
applicability of each visualization technique is evaluated for a range of
displacement processes, and the favorable implementation of combining PET/CT
for laboratory core analysis is discussed. We learn that the signal-to-noise
ratio (SNR) is over an order of magnitude higher for PET compared with CT for
the studied processes.”
Comparison of PET and CT
in Physical Processes in Sandstones
“Abstract: The
migration of moisture in cores of porous homogeneous sandstone of Ledian age
(Belgian Eocene, Tertiary) is monitored with PET (Positron Emission Tomography)
and micro-focus X-ray radiography. In the case of PET, a nuclear medical
imaging technique, 55Co-EDTA (Ethylenediamine Tetraacetic acid) and R-18F were
used as water-soluble tracers. The X-ray projection method has evolved from the
better-known medical technique and allows a fast and accurate determination of
the two-dimensional transient moisture content profiles. Results indicate that
both techniques can deliver important information concerning physical processes
in situ“
Source:http://www.researchgate.net/publication/223215827_Comparison_of_Positron_Emission_Tomography_and_X-ray_radiography_for_studies_of_physical_processes_in_sandstone
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PET
Paper: The influence of deformation bands upon
fluid flow using profile permeametry and positron emission tomography
“Abstract: Cataclastic deformation bands are significant
discontinuities in sandstone reservoirs since they have dramatically reduced
porosity and permeability relative to their host rock, despite their mm-scale
displacements. Consequently, these discontinuities often have a large impact
upon the flow of fluids at both micro and macro-scales. The effect of this
impact in highly porous sandstone has been analyzed using a range of novel and
conventional techniques, including pressure decay profile permeametry (PDPK)
and positron emission tomography (PET)...... PET was used to monitor fluid flow as a function of
pore volume of a sandstone plug containing deformation bands, demonstrating the
direct effect of deformation bands as a potential barrier to fluid flow. The results
of this study provide a detailed characterization of deformation bands at high
resolution, which can be included in advanced reservoir simulation models.
Staßfurt: fluid transport in rock salt - spatial
distribution and dynamics
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MRI
Paper:
Magnetic resonance
sounding: new method for ground water assessment.
“Abstract: The advantage of magnetic
resonance sounding (MRS) as compared to other classical geophysical methods is
in its water selective approach and reduced ambiguity in determination of
subsurface free water content and hydraulic properties of the media due to the
nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) principle applied……”
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15035592
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